"sundowner" meaning in All languages combined

See sundowner on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Audio: en-au-sundowner.ogg [Australia] Forms: sundowners [plural]
Etymology: From sundown + -er. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|sundown|-er<id:occupation>|text=+|tree=1}} From sundown + -er. Head templates: {{en-noun}} sundowner (plural sundowners)
  1. (Australia, obsolete) An itinerant worker, such as a swagman, who arrives at a farm too late in the day to do any work, but readily accepts food and lodging. Tags: Australia, obsolete
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-UvlOFSCI Categories (other): Australian English, English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English terms suffixed with -er (occupation), People Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 16 9 14 6 10 15 5 6 19 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 17 9 14 5 10 15 5 7 18 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -er (occupation): 19 15 11 6 8 14 7 7 12 Disambiguation of People: 18 0 21 19 0 0 19 23 0
  2. (Australia, obsolete) An itinerant worker, a swagman. Tags: Australia, obsolete
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-pDE24UWn Categories (other): Australian English
  3. (nautical) A sea captain who shows harsh discipline by requiring all hands to be on board by sundown.
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-~3hAsBfK Categories (other): Nautical, English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, People Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 16 9 14 6 10 15 5 6 19 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 17 9 14 5 10 15 5 7 18 Disambiguation of People: 18 0 21 19 0 0 19 23 0 Topics: nautical, transport
  4. (medicine, colloquial) A patient, usually demented, who tends to become agitated in the evening. Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-fmHjI5qR Categories (other): Medicine, People Disambiguation of People: 18 0 21 19 0 0 19 23 0 Topics: medicine, sciences
  5. (originally colonial slang, especially southern Africa) A cocktail consumed at sunset, or to signify the end of the day. Tags: Africa, Southern, especially
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-FryZ1kKu Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 16 9 14 6 10 15 5 6 19
  6. A cocktail party held in the early evening.
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-9~js4QHv Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, Parties Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 16 9 14 6 10 15 5 6 19 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 17 9 14 5 10 15 5 7 18 Disambiguation of Parties: 11 5 9 6 7 47 5 5 5
  7. A physician employed by the government who practises for private fees after his official hours.
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-1SwOJkRs Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 18 0 21 19 0 0 19 23 0
  8. Any worker who practises for private fees after official hours.
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-Ezpg4ukb Categories (other): People Disambiguation of People: 18 0 21 19 0 0 19 23 0
  9. A northerly offshore wind which occurs in California along the southern Pacific slope of Santa Ynez Mountains when a region of high pressure is north of the area (the coast of which trends east to west), often preceding or following a Santa Ana and typically occurring at night and ceasing during the day (hence the name). Coordinate_terms: Diablo wind, devil wind, Santa Ana wind
    Sense id: en-sundowner-en-noun-QYcVjG54 Categories (other): English entries referencing missing etymons, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with etymon, English entries with incorrect language header, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of English entries referencing missing etymons: 16 9 14 6 10 15 5 6 19 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 16 9 14 7 9 14 6 7 17 Disambiguation of English entries with etymon: 17 9 14 5 10 15 5 7 18 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 14 4 16 6 11 16 5 6 22 Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 13 2 15 6 10 17 5 6 25 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 14 1 16 2 11 18 5 6 26 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 13 1 16 5 11 17 5 6 26 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 13 3 14 8 10 15 6 6 25 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 13 2 14 5 10 16 5 6 28
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: sundowner syndrome, sundowner town

Inflected forms

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          "text": "[…] Sundowners originate as a high pressure nudges onto the coast of San Luis […]",
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          "ref": "1991, Johannes J. DeVries, Susan G. Conard, California Watersheds at the Urban Interface: Proceedings of the Third Biennial Watershed Conference (Ontario Hilton, Ontario, California, October 30-31, 1990):",
          "text": "[…]winds, and \"sundowners\" (a dry north wind descending into southern California coastal valleys west of Los Angeles at sunset, displacing moist sea breezes). Extensive burning also occurs during heat waves caused by seaward retreat[…]",
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          "ref": "1995, Michael Collins, The Cadillac Cowboy: A Novel, Dutton, →ISBN:",
          "text": "[…]sundowner wind blew in gusts from the mountains.",
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          "ref": "2018 June 8, Jan W. van Wagtendonk, Fire in California's Ecosystems, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 35:",
          "text": "[…]winds called “sundowners” that descend the Santa Ynez Mountains in the evening. Sundowners take place under strong north-to-south pressure gradients between San Francisco and Los Angeles. The term refers to the onset of these winds with[…]",
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        "A northerly offshore wind which occurs in California along the southern Pacific slope of Santa Ynez Mountains when a region of high pressure is north of the area (the coast of which trends east to west), often preceding or following a Santa Ana and typically occurring at night and ceasing during the day (hence the name)."
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}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries referencing missing etymons",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with etymon",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -er (occupation)",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees",
    "Pages with etymon",
    "en:Parties",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sundowner syndrome"
    },
    {
      "word": "sundowner town"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "sundown",
      "sundown#English"
    ],
    [
      "-er",
      "-er#English:_occupation"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "sundown",
        "4": "-er<id:occupation>",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "From sundown + -er.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From sundown + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sundowners",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "sundowner (plural sundowners)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              56,
              65
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2008, Arthur Upfield, edited by Kees de Hoog, Wisp of Wool and Disk of Silver: Up and Down Australia, page 279:",
          "text": "What he saw was not usual in this part of Australia - a sundowner, a bush waif who tramps from north to south or from east to west, never working, cadging rations from the far-flung homesteads and having the ability of the camel to do without water, or find it.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              20,
              30
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2010, John Hirst, Looking for Australia: Historical Essays, page 60:",
          "text": "Like the Australian sundowners, some of these trampers were suspected of never wanting to find a job.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An itinerant worker, such as a swagman, who arrives at a farm too late in the day to do any work, but readily accepts food and lodging."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "itinerant",
          "itinerant"
        ],
        [
          "swagman",
          "swagman"
        ],
        [
          "farm",
          "farm"
        ],
        [
          "work",
          "work"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia, obsolete) An itinerant worker, such as a swagman, who arrives at a farm too late in the day to do any work, but readily accepts food and lodging."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Australian English",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An itinerant worker, a swagman."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Australia, obsolete) An itinerant worker, a swagman."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Australia",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Nautical"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              36,
              45
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1985, Ronald H. Spector, Eagle Against the Sun:",
          "text": "Arrogant, aloof, and suspicious, a “sundowner,” or strict disciplinarian, King inspired respect in many but affection in few.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sea captain who shows harsh discipline by requiring all hands to be on board by sundown."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nautical",
          "nautical"
        ],
        [
          "discipline",
          "discipline"
        ],
        [
          "hands",
          "hands"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(nautical) A sea captain who shows harsh discipline by requiring all hands to be on board by sundown."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "nautical",
        "transport"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              82,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1977, Jules Hymen Masserman, Current Psychiatric Therapies, page 179:",
          "text": "These patients may improve by day only to relapse at night (nocturnal delirium or sundowner's syndrome).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              64,
              73
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1989, William H. Reid, The Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: Revised for the DSM III R., page 71:",
          "text": "They generally occur in the evening or at night in the form of \"sundowner\" syndrome, as a result of diminished sensory input and social isolation and/or exposure to an unfamiliar environment (e.g., the hospital).",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              1,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2007 February 7, Dennis Fiely, “Dark Ages: For the elderly fighting mental or physical problems, life takes a frightening turn when nighttime comes”, in The Columbus Dispatch:",
          "text": "“Sundowner′s syndrome” refers to changes in mood and behavior that begin near dusk.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A patient, usually demented, who tends to become agitated in the evening."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "demented",
          "demented"
        ],
        [
          "agitated",
          "agitated"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine, colloquial) A patient, usually demented, who tends to become agitated in the evening."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English slang",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              53,
              62
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1918, Robert Valentine Dolbey, Sketches of the East Africa Campaign, page 117:",
          "text": "The cocktail, the universal “sherry and bitters” and sundowner will have to be retained.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              157,
              167
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 146:",
          "text": "Mrs. Lowe-Island […] had imagined the Sports Club as a large shadowy veranda, with native servants standing like willing statues around the walls, plenty of sundowners, and that laughter which is the result of personal comment […].",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              40,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Franz Wisner, Honeymoon With My Brother: A Memoir, page 243:",
          "text": "Per custom, we capped our drives with a sundowner cocktail party at a scenic vantage point.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cocktail consumed at sunset, or to signify the end of the day."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cocktail",
          "cocktail"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(originally colonial slang, especially southern Africa) A cocktail consumed at sunset, or to signify the end of the day."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Africa",
        "Southern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2005, Edward M. Bruner, Culture on Tour: Ethnographies of Travel,, page 83:",
          "text": "The Sundowner is basically a cocktail party with a buffet on a riverbank in the bush.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cocktail party held in the early evening."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cocktail party",
          "cocktail party"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A physician employed by the government who practises for private fees after his official hours."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physician",
          "physician"
        ],
        [
          "government",
          "government"
        ],
        [
          "private",
          "private"
        ],
        [
          "fee",
          "fee"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1956, Redbook: The Magazine for Young Adults, volume 108, page 64:",
          "text": "These \"sundowners\" hold jobs in other — usually related — trades, and do their servicing nights and weekends.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              65,
              75
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1961, Radio-electronics, volume 32, page 262:",
          "text": "[…] according to Home Furnishings Daily, “Public exposure of the sundowners provides strong support for our campaign for state licensing of TV technicians. […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any worker who practises for private fees after official hours."
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "coordinate_terms": [
        {
          "word": "Diablo wind"
        },
        {
          "word": "devil wind"
        },
        {
          "word": "Santa Ana wind"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1986, Meteorological Data Inventory Southern California Coastal Zone: Ragged Point (San Luis Obispo County) to Mexican Border : Coast of California Storm and Tidal Waves Study:",
          "text": "[…] Sundowners originate as a high pressure nudges onto the coast of San Luis […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1991, Johannes J. DeVries, Susan G. Conard, California Watersheds at the Urban Interface: Proceedings of the Third Biennial Watershed Conference (Ontario Hilton, Ontario, California, October 30-31, 1990):",
          "text": "[…]winds, and \"sundowners\" (a dry north wind descending into southern California coastal valleys west of Los Angeles at sunset, displacing moist sea breezes). Extensive burning also occurs during heat waves caused by seaward retreat[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              12
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1995, Michael Collins, The Cadillac Cowboy: A Novel, Dutton, →ISBN:",
          "text": "[…]sundowner wind blew in gusts from the mountains.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              83,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "2018 June 8, Jan W. van Wagtendonk, Fire in California's Ecosystems, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 35:",
          "text": "[…]winds called “sundowners” that descend the Santa Ynez Mountains in the evening. Sundowners take place under strong north-to-south pressure gradients between San Francisco and Los Angeles. The term refers to the onset of these winds with[…]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A northerly offshore wind which occurs in California along the southern Pacific slope of Santa Ynez Mountains when a region of high pressure is north of the area (the coast of which trends east to west), often preceding or following a Santa Ana and typically occurring at night and ceasing during the day (hence the name)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "northerly",
          "northerly"
        ],
        [
          "offshore",
          "offshore"
        ],
        [
          "wind",
          "wind"
        ],
        [
          "Santa Ana",
          "Santa Ana"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "en-au-sundowner.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1c/En-au-sundowner.ogg/En-au-sundowner.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/En-au-sundowner.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sundowner"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sundowner meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.